Tilda Swinton
Popularity:43.245
Known For:Acting
Birthday:1960-11-05
Place of Birth:London, England, UK
Homepage:
Also Known As:Lutz Ebersdorf, Matilda Swinton, ティルダ・スウィントン, Тильда Суинтон, 蒂尔达·斯温顿, 凯瑟琳·玛蒂尔达·斯温顿, Тільда Свінтон, Katherine Swinton, 蒂尔达·斯文顿 饰
Young Adam (2003)
A young drifter working on a river barge disrupts his employers' lives while hiding the fact that he knows more about a dead woman found in the river...
Broken Flowers (2005)
As the devoutly single Don Johnston is dumped by his latest girlfriend, he receives an anonymous pink letter informing him that he has a son who may...
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (2005)
Siblings Lucy, Edmund, Susan and Peter step through a magical wardrobe and find the land of Narnia. There, they discover a charming, once peaceful...
Constantine (2005)
John Constantine has literally been to Hell and back. When he teams up with a policewoman to solve the mysterious suicide of her twin sister, their...
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (2010)
This time around Edmund and Lucy Pevensie, along with their pesky cousin Eustace Scrubb find themselves swallowed into a painting and on to a...
Thumbsucker (2005)
Justin Cobb, a teenager in suburban Oregon, copes with his thumb-sucking problem, romance, and his diagnosis with ADHD and subsequent experience...
Vanilla Sky (2001)
David Aames has it all: wealth, good looks and gorgeous women on his arm. But just as he begins falling for the warmhearted Sofia, his face is...
The Beach (2000)
Twenty-something Richard travels to Thailand and finds himself in possession of a strange map. Rumours state that it leads to a solitary beach...
The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (2008)
One year after their incredible adventures in the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Peter, Edmund, Lucy and Susan Pevensie return to Narnia to aid a...
Adaptation. (2002)
Nicolas Cage is Charlie Kaufman, a confused L.A. screenwriter overwhelmed by feelings of inadequacy, sexual frustration, self-loathing, and by the...
Michael Clayton (2007)
A law firm brings in its "fixer" to remedy the situation after a lawyer has a breakdown while representing a chemical company that he knows is guilty...
Stephanie Daley (2007)
Stephanie collapses in a pool of blood while on a school skiing trip. A doctor discovers that the blood is the after-effects of giving birth. Soon...
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (2008)
Born under unusual circumstances, Benjamin Button springs into being as an elderly man in a New Orleans nursing home and ages in reverse. Twelve...
Burn After Reading (2008)
When a disc containing memoirs of a former CIA analyst falls into the hands of gym employees, Linda and Chad, they see a chance to make enough money...
Love Is the Devil: Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon (1998)
In the 1960s, British painter Francis Bacon surprises a burglar and invites him to share his bed. The burglar, a working class man named George Dyer,...
Caravaggio (1986)
A retelling of the life of the celebrated 17th-century Baroque painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio through his brilliant, nearly blasphemous...
The End (2024)
A post-apocalyptic story about a rich family living in a salt mine converted into a luxurious home. The earth around them has apparently been...
Julia (2008)
An alcoholic becomes involved in a fellow A.A. member's plan to kidnap her young son from the boy's wealthy grandfather.
The Killer (2023)
After a fateful near-miss, an assassin battles his employers, and himself, on an international manhunt he insists isn't personal.
The Man from London (2007)
A switchman at a seaside railway witnesses a murder but does not report it after he finds a suitcase full of money at the scene of the crime.
The Deep End (2001)
With her husband Jack perpetually away at work, Margaret Hall raises her children virtually alone. Her teenage son is testing the waters of the adult...
The Limits of Control (2009)
A mysterious stranger works outside the law and keeps his objectives hidden, trusting no one. While his demeanor is paradoxically focused and...
Orlando (1992)
England, 1600. Queen Elizabeth I promises Orlando, a young nobleman obsessed with poetry, that she will grant him land and fortune if he agrees to...
I Am Love (2010)
Emma has left Russia to live with her husband in Italy. Now a member of a powerful industrial family, she is the respected mother of three, but feels...
The Statement (2003)
The film is set in France in the 1990s, the French were defeated by the Germans early in World War II, an armistice was signed in 1940 which...
Durmiente (2022)
Durmiente shows Tilda Swinton, the lead actress of Memoria, sleeping in a bedroom as the shadows grow longer.
Female Perversions (1997)
Eve Stephens, a beautiful and sexy high-powered attorney, is up for appointment as a judge. But below her veneer of self-confidence lies a darker...
War Requiem (1989)
During World War I, British soldier Owen is mortified by the examples of cruelty that surround him in the trenches. He combats these terrifying...
The War Zone (1999)
An alienated teenager, saddened that he has moved away from London, must find a way to deal with a dark family secret.
Diaghilev and the Ballets Russes (2013)
Narrated by Tilda Swinton and produced by the National Gallery of Art, this documentary film explores Serge Diaghilev's Russian roots, his genius for...
Edward II (1991)
England, 14th century. King Edward II falls in love with Piers Gaveston, a young man of humble origins, whom he honors with favors and titles of...
Possible Worlds (2000)
The same man lives out several parallel lives in different "worlds" and in different relationships at the same time.
Aria (1987)
Ten short pieces directed by ten different directors, including Ken Russell, Jean-Luc Godard, Robert Altman, Bruce Beresford, and Nicolas Roeg. Each...
David Bowie: Five Years (2013)
Featuring a wealth of previously unseen archive, this film looks at how Bowie continually evolved: from Ziggy Stardust to the Soul Star of Young...
Teknolust (2002)
Anxious to use artificial life to improve the world, Rosetta Stone, a bio-geneticist creates a Recipe for Cyborgs and uses her own DNA in order to...
We Need to Talk About Kevin (2011)
After her son Kevin commits a horrific act, troubled mother Eva reflects on her complicated relationship with her disturbed son as he grew from a...
Climate of Change (2010)
"We are the renters of this world, not its masters," reminds Pooshkar, a precocious 13-year-old member of a youth environmental defense group in...
The Invisible Frame (2009)
In 1988 Cynthia Beatt and the young Tilda Swinton embarked on a filmic journey along the Berlin Wall into little-known territory. The film CYCLING...
Cannes Uncut (2023)
Looks at the glamour, red carpets, movies, craziness, stunts, deals, parties and personalities that have been part of the Cannes Film Festival over...
Blue (1993)
Against a plain, unchanging blue screen, a densely interwoven soundtrack of voices, sound effects and music attempt to convey a portrait of Derek...
Wittgenstein (1993)
A dramatization, in modern theatrical style, of the life and thought of the Viennese-born, Cambridge-educated philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, whose...
Conceiving Ada (1999)
Emmy Coer, a computer genius, devises a method of communicating with the past by tapping into undying information waves. She manages to reach the...
Cinema Is Everywhere (2011)
A documentary feature film that ties four narratives - from China, India, Scotland, and Tunisia - together with countless insights from venerable...
Glitterbug (1994)
A collage of Derek Jarman's super 8 footage spanning over 20 years.
The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014)
The Grand Budapest Hotel tells of a legendary concierge at a famous European hotel between the wars and his friendship with a young employee who...
Snowpiercer (2013)
In a future where a failed global-warming experiment kills off most life on the planet, a class system evolves aboard the Snowpiercer, a train that...
The Garden (1990)
A nearly wordless visual narrative intercuts two main stories and a couple of minor ones. A woman, perhaps the Madonna, brings forth her baby to a...
Strange Culture (2007)
The film examines the case of artist and professor Steve Kurtz, a member of the Critical Art Ensemble (CAE). The work of Kurtz and other CAE members...
Only Lovers Left Alive (2013)
A depressed musician reunites with his lover in the desolate streets of Detroit. Though their romance has endured several centuries, it is tested by...
The Protagonists (1999)
An Italian movie crew goes to London to make a documentary about a murder case that took place a few years before.
The Zero Theorem (2013)
A computer hacker's goal to discover the reason for human existence continually finds his work interrupted thanks to the Management; this time, they...
Love Flesh (2013)
During the course of a series of voyages, the pocket cameras of Pippo Delbono capture unique moments, ordinary and extraordinary meetings. From a...
The Party: Nature Morte (1991)
The eponymous party is hosted by Queenie and Burrs, long-term lovers who are rapidly growing apart.
Radioman (2012)
The extraordinary story of 'Radioman', a New York film set mascot who overcame homelessness and alcoholism to become a fixture of the New York film...
Friendship's Death (1987)
A robot messenger is sent to earth to appeal to humans to live in peace. Originally designed to go to MIT, by mistake she ends up in Amman, Jordan...
Here’s Looking at You, Boy (2007)
Documentary on the history of gay and lesbian film.
The Dilapidated Dwelling (2000)
Documentary with fictional elements exploring issues around housing in the United Kingdom.
Goliath: Playing with Reality (2021)
After a decade of isolation in psychiatric institutions, Jon, a paranoid schizophrenic, finds his salvation in online video games.
Death for a Unicorn (2013)
Little Billy’s life is tormented by his scheming aunt who drags him daily to the cemetery and forces him to clean his uncle’s headstone....
Egomania: Island Without Hope (1987)
Egomania is a visually stunning end-of-the-world melodrama about lust, jealousy and murder set amidst solar eclipses, orchestral chants and the...
Moonrise Kingdom (2012)
Set on an island off the coast of New England in the summer of 1965, Moonrise Kingdom tells the story of two twelve-year-olds who fall in love, make...
Some Thoughts On The Common Toad (2023)
A cine-collage manifesto in defense of beauty amidst political cynicism and environmental alienation. Based on the essay by George Orwell and...
Degrees of Blindness (1988)
Inspired by a poem by William Blake: a short experimental film about the perception of vision.
Cycling the Frame (1988)
In 1988, Tilda Swinton toured round the Berlin Wall on a bicycle - starting and ending at the Brandenburg Gate - accompanied by filmmaker Cynthia...
The Sluggard (1986)
A young woman lazes about while those around her try to maintain order. Produced in 1986 and released on the 1988 VHS Fat of the Land Selected...
Trainwreck (2015)
Having thought that monogamy was never possible, a commitment-phobic career woman may have to face her fears when she meets a good guy.
Hail, Caesar! (2016)
When a Hollywood star mysteriously disappears in the middle of filming, the studio sends their fixer to get him back.
Travelling at Night with Jim Jarmusch (2014)
A portrait of the American director Jim J. at work on the set of his latest film, Only Lovers Left Alive.
The Room Next Door (2024)
Ingrid and Martha were close friends in their youth, when they worked together at the same magazine. Ingrid went on to become an autofiction novelist...
Untitled Apichatpong Weerasethakul Project (1970)
Described as being based on Weerasethakul's dreams.
All Kinds of Love (2023)
Tilda Swinton recites a poem by Claes Oldenburg.
Uncut Gems (2019)
A charismatic New York City jeweler always on the lookout for the next big score makes a series of high-stakes bets that could lead to the windfall...
A Bigger Splash (2015)
An American couple, Paul and Marianne, spend their vacation in Italy and experience trouble when Marianne invites a former lover and his teenage...
Volcano Saga (1989)
This short film shot in Iceland and New York, which is based on a thirteenth-century Icelandic Laxdeala Saga, features Tilda Swinton as a young woman...
Exploring the Set of 'Moonrise Kingdom' (2015)
Martin Scali, who was Wes Anderson's assistant on "Fantastic Mr. Fox", shot this short documentary in Newport, Rhode Island, during the filming of...
Dreams Rewired (2015)
Tracing anxieties about technology back to the 1880s, DREAMS REWIRED combines clips from nearly 200 films and newsreels with an insightful commentary...
Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio: Handcarved Cinema (2022)
With mesmerizing footage and time lapses of animators at work, this behind-the-scenes special captures the artistry of a unique tale years in the...
The Gospel According to St Derek (2014)
Using interviews with close family, friends and collaborators, The Gospel According to St. Derek bears witness to Derek Jarman’s unique...
Sleepwalkers (2007)
A bike messenger, an electrician, a postal worker, a business man and an office worker make their way through an evening in New York City. A...
Deep Water (2006)
DEEP WATER is the stunning true story of the fateful voyage of Donald Crowhurst, an amateur yachtsman who enters the most daring nautical challenge...
Remembrance of Things Fast: True Stories Visual Lies (1994)
Remembrance of Things Fast represents the culmination of Maybury's work in video, which has developed alongside the technology itself. Starring Tilda...
B-Movie: Lust & Sound in West-Berlin 1979-1989 (2015)
The wild West Berlin of the 1980s became the creative melting pot of pop subcultures: music, art and chaos. Before the Iron Curtain fell, anything...
Behind Jim Jarmusch (2010)
"Behind Jim Jarmusch" is an intimate an intriguing portrait of director Jim Jarmusch, at work on the set of his movie "The Limits of Control"...
The Ballad of a Small Player (1970)
A high-stakes gambler decides to lay low in Macau after his past and debts catch up with him. Along the way he encounters a kindred spirit who might...
The Human Voice Q&A With Pedro Almodovar And Tilda Swinton, Hosted By Mark Kermode (2020)
A recorded Q&A hosted by Mark Kermode, where Pedro Almodóvar and Tilda Swintondiscuss the inspirations they drew on for the film, how THE...
The Hexagonal Hive and a Mouse in a Maze (2024)
A collection of thoughts and journeys. A dialogue between different forms of knowledge. A film about dancing, working, and life itself. The Hexagonal...
Suspiria (2018)
Young American dancer Susie Bannion arrives in 1970s Berlin to audition for the world-renowned Helena Markos Dance Company. When she vaults to the...
The Seasons in Quincy: Four Portraits of John Berger (2017)
The Ways of Seeing writer is celebrated by Tilda Swinton and her fellow admirers in an unorthodox four-part documentary that visits him at his Alpine...
Transparent (2024)
Marking the 30th anniversary of Derek Jarman's passing, close friend and collaborator Tilda Swinton leads a poetic tribute to the late artist and...
Orbital: Glastonbury 2024 (2024)
Glastonbury 2024 - Saturday 29 June - The Park Stage - 21:15 - 22:15 Orbit’s 2024 performance marked the seventh time they have played at the...
The Stars (Are Out Tonight) (2013)
The official music video for "The Stars (Are Out Tonight)" by David Bowie, it premiered on 25 February 2013. It stars Bowie and English actress...
Okja (2017)
A young girl named Mija risks everything to prevent a powerful, multi-national company from kidnapping her best friend - a massive animal named Okja.
Chroma (2024)
On the afternoon of September 22nd, 2023, sunny, in the Summer Palace, in the glowing, colorful Kunming Lake Tilda Swinton and I were on a boat...
War Machine (2017)
A rock star general bent on winning the “impossible” war in Afghanistan takes us inside the complex machinery of modern war. Inspired by...
The Somme (2005)
Drama-documentary recounting the events of the 1st July 1916 and the Battle of the Somme on the Western Front during the First World War. Told...
Isle of Dogs (2018)
In the future, an outbreak of canine flu leads the mayor of a Japanese city to banish all dogs to an island used as a garbage dump. The outcasts must...
A Sudden Glimpse to Deeper Things (2024)
One of the most important women in British modern art, the painter Wilhelmina Barns-Graham was a highly inspirational figure, whose work was deeply...
Play Me Something (1989)
A group of individuals are stranded at a small island airport when the flight from the mainland is delayed. At that moment, a stranger appears and...
Derek (2008)
Derek, in chronological order, records the work and life that stands at the foot of Derek Jarman's humour and spirit of being an artist. The...
Your Cheatin' Heart (1990)
In this fondly remembered mini series John Byrne, creator of Tutti Frutti, explores the country music scene in an unsentimental portrait of...
Letters from Baghdad (2017)
Gertrude Bell, the most powerful woman in the British Empire in her day, shaped the destiny of Iraq after WWI in ways that still reverberate today.
When Björk Met Attenborough (2013)
Award-winning musician Björk and legendary broadcaster and naturalist Sir David Attenborough have admired each other's work for years but this...
Song 1 (2012)
An installation commissioned to be projected on the outer ring of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C.
async - first light (2017)
A collaboration between Apichatpong and Japanese composer Ryuichi Sakamoto from his album “async”. The people falling asleep in this film...
Antarctica: On the Edge (2014)
Antarctica lives in our dreams as the most remote, the most forbidding continent on Planet Earth. It is a huge land covered with ice as thick as...
Memoria (2021)
One morning, Jessica Holland, a Scottish orchid farmer visiting her sister in Bogotá, is woken by a loud ‘bang’. This haunting...
The Souvenir (2019)
A shy but ambitious film student falls into an intense, emotionally fraught relationship with a charismatic but untrustworthy older man.
Letters from Generation Rx (2017)
As a result of the 2008 documentary"Generation Rx," thousands of people wrote director Kevin P. Miller to share their experiences on psychiatric...
The Personal History of David Copperfield (2019)
A fresh and distinctive take on Charles Dickens’ semi-autobiographical masterpiece, The Personal History of David Copperfield, set in the...
The Open Universe (1993)
The whole world in one film: Robert, a young Dane, is shanghaied in Marseille, and via Acapulco he is abducted into the South Pacific. There he kills...
The Dead Don't Die (2019)
In a small peaceful town, zombies suddenly rise to terrorize the town. Now three bespectacled police officers and a strange Scottish morgue expert...
Three Thousand Years of Longing (2022)
A solitary scholar discovers an ancient bottle while on a trip to Istanbul and unleashes a djinn who offers her three wishes. Filled with reluctance,...
A Call to Arms (1989)
A woman dressed in armour sleeps on the floor of a dark, sunlit room. As she sleeps dreams and memoires unravel in her head. In the final light of...
The French Dispatch (2021)
The staff of an American magazine based in France puts out its last issue, with stories featuring an artist sentenced to life imprisonment, student...
Tilda Swinton: The Love Factory (2002)
At the Hotel Majestic in Cannes, Tilda Swinton talks to director Luca Guadagnino about cinema, loneliness and love.
Last and First Men (2020)
As the end approaches inexorably, the last humans, living millions of years into the future, send a message to the humanity of the present that is...
Faceless (2007)
In an eerily familiar city, a calendar reform has dispensed with the past and the future, leaving citizens faceless, without memory or anticipation....
14 Actors Acting (2010)
This year's great performers striking some of the classic attitudes of cinema.
The Souvenir: Part II (2021)
In the aftermath of her tumultuous relationship with a charismatic and manipulative older man, Julie begins to untangle her fraught love for him in...
Caprice (1986)
A girl finds herself inside a fashion magazine – Joanna Hogg's graduation piece at the National Film and Television School starring a then...
Depuis le Jour (1987)
Derek Jarman's interpretation of the aria 'Depuis le jour' from the final act of Gustave Charpentier's opera Louise (1900) features Aimée...
One Water (2013)
Tilda Swinton, a British actress and friend of Weerasethkul, organized Film on the Rocks, a film festival in the Maldives where she invited the...
Snowpiercer: Transperceneige, From the Blank Page to the Black Screen (2014)
Documentary on the making of the film.
The Last of England (1987)
The artist's personal commentary on the decline of his country in a language closer to poetry than prose. A dark meditation on London under Thatcher.
Man to Man (1992)
A woman pretends to be her dead husband in Nazi Germany in order to survive.
Visions of Heaven and Hell (1994)
Dennis Potter, Esther Dyson, William Gibson and other techno-thinkers appeared in this award-winning three-part documentary series which examined...
Cannes: All Access (2007)
From its simple beginnings in 1939 in a sleepy beach town in the south of France, the prestigious Cannes Film Festival has become the must-attend red...
The Human Voice (2020)
A woman watches time passing next to the suitcases of her ex-lover (who is supposed to come pick them up but never arrives) and a restless dog who...
Schlingensief – A Voice That Shook the Silence (2020)
Using unpublished and newly digitalised archive footage and film material, Bettina Böhler has brilliantly assembled this film about the life and...
Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio (2022)
During the rise of fascism in Mussolini's Italy, a wooden boy brought magically to life struggles to live up to his father's expectations.
Doctor Strange (2016)
After his career is destroyed, a brilliant but arrogant surgeon gets a new lease on life when a sorcerer takes him under her wing and trains him to...
Avengers: Endgame (2019)
After the devastating events of Avengers: Infinity War, the universe is in ruins due to the efforts of the Mad Titan, Thanos. With the help of...
Derek Jarman: A Portrait (1991)
A BBC Arena profile of the Director from the time of the release of his film, The Garden, featuring interviews with Jarman, his collaborators and...
The Eternal Daughter (2022)
An artist and her elderly mother confront long-buried secrets when they return to a former family home, now a hotel haunted by its mysterious past.
Tania Libre (2017)
In 2015 reknown Cuban artist Tania Bruguera was imprisoned in Havana after advocating for freedom of expression. Shortly after her release she...
The Storms of Jeremy Thomas (2021)
Joining Oscar-winning producer Jeremy Thomas on his annual pilgrimage to the Cannes Film Festival, filmmaker Mark Cousins gives an intimate glimpse...
Asteroid City (2023)
In an American desert town circa 1955, the itinerary of a Junior Stargazer/Space Cadet convention is spectacularly disrupted by world-changing events.
Ashes (2012)
In collaboration with Lomo, an Austrian camera company, and Mubi, a global film website, Weerasethakul was invited to make a work to launch the new...
Problemista (2024)
Alejandro is an aspiring toy designer from El Salvador, struggling to bring his unusual ideas to life in New York City. As time on his work visa runs...
Moments on the Set of I Am Love (2009)
A documentary behind the scenes of Luca Guadagnino's 𝘐 𝘈𝘮 𝘓𝘰𝘷𝘦.
Doctor Strange: A Strange Transformation (2017)
A core and broad examination of the story, cast, shooting locations and sets, and crafting action, moving on to more closely cover the character's...
The Seasons in Quincy: Four Portraits of John Berger (2017)
The Seasons in Quincy: Four Portraits of John Berger (2017)
The Hexagonal Hive and a Mouse in a Maze (2024)
The Daily Show (1996)
The World's Fakest News Team tackle the biggest stories in news, politics and pop culture.
Your Cheatin' Heart (1990)
In this fondly remembered mini series John Byrne, creator of Tutti Frutti, explores the country music scene in an unsentimental portrait of...
Galapagos (2006)
The history of these beautiful Islands from their creation as uprising lava to their being studied by Darwin to their modern day inhabitants.
Zastrozzi: A Romance (1986)
In a heady tale of revenge and obsession, the outlaw Zastrozzi, assisted by courtesan, Matilda, abducts his half-brother, Verezzi, and torments him...
What If...? (2021)
Taking inspiration from the comic books of the same name, each episode of this animated anthology series questions, revisits and twists classic...
Women, War & Peace (2011)
What if you looked at war as though women mattered? What if you looked at peace as though women mattered? These two questions were at the heart of...
Marvel Studios Legends (2021)
Revisit the epic heroes, villains and moments from across the MCU in preparation for the stories still to come. Each dynamic segment feeds directly...
Late Night with Seth Meyers (2014)
Seth Meyers, who is "Saturday Night Live’s" longest serving anchor on the show’s wildly popular "Weekend Update," takes over as host of...
Getting On (2009)
Darkly comic series about life on a hospital ward and a nursing team who have to get on with the job despite challenges thrown up by the modern NHS.
Women Make Film: A New Road Movie Through Cinema (2018)
As told through clips from 183 female directors, this epic history of the cinema focuses on women’s integral role in the development of film...
Made in Hollywood (2005)
Made in Hollywood is a talk show hosted by Kylie Erica Mar and Julie L. Harkness airing in syndication since September 30, 2005. The series is...
Variety Studio: Actors on Actors (2014)
PBS SoCal and Variety take you inside the biggest movies and T.V. shows of the past year through candid conversations with today's hottest actors....
What We Do in the Shadows (2019)
A documentary-style look into the daily (or rather, nightly) lives of a group of vampires in Staten Island who have “lived” together for...
Shakespeare: The Animated Tales (1992)
An animated adaptation of twelve of Shakespeare's best-known plays. The series was produced by S4C for the BBC, but animated by some of the foremost...
The Boys (2019)
A group of vigilantes known informally as “The Boys” set out to take down corrupt superheroes with no more than blue-collar grit and a...
Fantasmas (2024)
Julio Torres spins a fantastical tale of when he lost a gold oyster earring. In his search to find the precious object, Julio reflects on the offbeat...
Fantasmas (1970)
As told through clips from 183 female directors, this epic history of the cinema focuses on women’s integral role in the development of film...